Synoptic Gospels
It is an “accepted collective term for the Gospels of Matthew, Mark and Luke. It rests on the fact that the considerable similarities in order and content between these three Gospels make it possible and helpful for the student to have an arrangement of them in parallel columns so that the contents of any one Gospel can be conveniently compared with the similar material in the others. Such an arrangement is called a synopsis.” – I. Howard Marshall
對觀福音
這是馬太、馬可以及路加三本福音書一個‘公認’的总称。它們無論在順序或內容上都有許多相似之處,因此學員可以將這他們平行排列在一起,好讓其中一本福音書的內容,可以與其他福音書相似的內容做個比較。” --霍华德·马歇尔
「對觀」(Synoptic) 二字,是從希臘文 sunoptikos 一字而來的,意思是「一起看事物」。
Q源
“Q source (sometimes referred to as Q document, or simply Q) comes from the German Quelle, which means "source". It is a hypothetical textual source for the Gospel of Matthew and Gospel of Luke. Q is defined as the "common" material found in Matthew and Luke but not in Mark (i.e., the blue material in the chart). This ancient text supposedly contained the logia or quotations from Jesus.
“Q源(有時簡稱為Q文檔或Q)來自德文的Quelle,表示“源”。這是馬太與路加福音一個假設性的文字來源。 Q被定義為在馬太與路加福音中所發現的“共用”材料,但卻在馬可福音中找不着(即圖表中藍色的部分)。這個古老文字據說包含了耶穌的教導與語錄。"
I. Howard Marshall 否決「Q 」文件是單一文件說,我大致上同意。不過,我認為任何被驗證過的資料,都可以歸納在 Quelle 底下。重要的是提筆的人,是如何就這些現象反复思想並做宣認....
References:
http://catholic-resources.org/Bible/Synoptic_Problem.htm
http://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Q_document.html
http://www.pcchong.org/mydictionary/general/SynopticGospels.htm